We prefer to think of it as an environment within which statistical techniques are implemented. Many users think of R as a statistics system. Advanced users can write C code to manipulate R objects directly. For computationally-intensive tasks, C, C++ and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. Much of the system is itself written in the R dialect of S, which makes it easy for users to follow the algorithmic choices made. R, like S, is designed around a true computer language, and it allows users to add additional functionality by defining new functions. The term “environment” is intended to characterize it as a fully planned and coherent system, rather than an incremental accretion of very specific and inflexible tools, as is frequently the case with other data analysis software. a well-developed, simple and effective programming language which includes conditionals, loops, user-defined recursive functions and input and output facilities.
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